How Boron deficiency causes damage in carnation?

Boron deficiency symptoms on carnation show on the youngest foliage. Leaves are yellow and twisted, and the terminal bud sometimes is dead. Axillary shoot proliferation at upper nodes is common, resembling the witch’s broom effect caused by virus infections in other crops. Flower buds are abnormal and die before opening. The new foliage turns pale brown with a reddish-purple band and partial yellowing of the leaf base.