Through diverse processes that increase nutrient availability, encourage nutrient cycling, and stimulate the development of advantageous microorganisms, biofertilizers increase soil fertility. The following are some ways that biofertilizers increase soil fertility:
In the case of nitrogen-fixing biofertilizers, certain microorganisms are present that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen as well as solubilize insoluble forms of nutrients like phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. These procedures transform inaccessible nutrients into plant-absorbable forms, increasing their bioavailability and accessibility in the soil.
Recycling of nutrients: Biofertilizers facilitate recycling of nutrients by accelerating the breakdown of organic matter in the soil. Complex organic molecules are broken down into simpler forms during the decomposition process, releasing nutrients that plants can utilize. Biofertilizers also enhance the recycling of plant waste.
Auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins are a few examples of the growth-promoting compounds produced by some biofertilizers, such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). These elements increase nutrient uptake, promote root growth, and enhance plant health and vigor.
Enhancement of Root Growth: Biofertilizers can encourage the growth of root structures including lateral roots and root hairs, which expands the area that can be used to absorb nutrients. Plants are better able to absorb nutrients as a result.
Suppression of disease: Some biofertilizers, such as mycorrhizal fungi, can aid in the suppression of soil-borne pathogens and plant illnesses. Mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots work together to form a symbiotic relationship that increases plant resistance to diseases and decreases the need for chemical fungicides.
